ICLS Blog

Why Do People in Spanish-Speaking Countries Have So Many Last Names?

Written by Katya Sheviakova | March 31, 2025

Have you ever wondered why people from Spanish-speaking countries often have such long names? Maybe you’ve wanted to ask but felt too shy to bring it up. Don’t worry — this blog will answer all your questions about why Hispanic surnames work the way they do!

The Spanish Surname System: A Brief Overview

In Spanish-speaking countries, people traditionally have two last names:

  1. The first surname comes from the father (paternal surname).
  2. The second surname comes from the mother (maternal surname).

For example, if a man named Carlos García López and a woman named María Rodríguez Pérez have a child, their child's full name would be Juan García Rodríguez. This system ensures that both sides of a person's family are represented, which is different from many other cultures where only the father's surname is passed down.

 

The Historical and Cultural Roots

This practice dates back to Spain’s medieval era, where it became customary to use both parents' surnames for better identification. The tradition was carried over to Latin America during colonization, and it remains a strong cultural practice today.

Another reason for this system is family legacy and social status. In the past, noble or influential families wanted to keep both their paternal and maternal lineages visible, so they started including both last names in official records.

 

How Last Names Work in Official Documents

In official documents, school records, and legal paperwork, both surnames are used. However, in casual situations, people might only use their first surname. For instance, Luis Fernández Gómez might just introduce himself as Luis Fernández in everyday life.

 

What Happens When People Get Married?

Unlike in some cultures where a woman takes her husband's last name, in most Spanish-speaking countries, women keep their original surnames after marriage. This means that both spouses retain their birth names, and their children will inherit a mix of both.

 

Are There More Than Two Surnames?

Yes! Some families, especially those with aristocratic backgrounds or long lineages, might have multiple surnames. This can result in very long names, but in everyday use, people usually stick to the first two.

 

A Unique Identity

The Spanish surname system not only preserves both family heritages but also helps distinguish individuals more accurately. Since names like José Rodríguez or Maria López are quite common, having two surnames helps avoid confusion.

 

Conclusion

The tradition of multiple last names in Spanish-speaking countries is deeply rooted in history, family values, and cultural identity. It ensures that both parents' lineages are recognized, making names more meaningful and unique. So, next time you meet someone with a long last name, you’ll know there’s a rich history behind it!

 

Want to Learn More About Spanish Culture and Language?

If you find topics like this fascinating and want to dive deeper into Spanish language and traditions, learn Spanish with ICLS. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refine your skills, our courses will help you speak confidently, understand cultural nuances, and feel connected to the Spanish-speaking world.

At ICLS we offer:

  • Engaging, interactive lessons with instructors who have 10+ years of experience
  • 20 hours of practical conversation practice for real-life situations
  • Cultural insights that go beyond just grammar
  • Convenient evening time schedules to fit your lifestyle of a busy professional

So, why don't you start your Spanish journey today?